Reflective essay on confidentiality free essay sample

The subject I intend to reflect upon is confidentiality within a professional healthcare setting. Confidentiality formed a part of our professional issues lectures and it piqued my interest due to how differently it is interpreted within healthcare as opposed to education, which is my background. In an educational setting I was taught repeatedly that I could never ensure confidentiality between myself and a child. Comparing that to what I have now learnt in healthcare, this seemed to me almost the opposite way of working as I was used to and so I wish to reflect upon this. I intend to look at why confidentiality is so important within healthcare and how it relates to the Nursing and Midwifery Council’s (NMC) Code. I will look at the strategies in place to protect the privacy of healthcare users, including the areas where confidentiality is even more important. I will also be looking at the various occasions that arise in which a confidentiality can be breached and who should be informed in these cases and finally I hope to look at a case study where confidentiality was breached and use that information to help guide me to make better choices in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective essay on confidentiality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jasper (2011) tells us that reflection is the ability to see ourselves both physically and metaphorically. She also states that reflection can be looking again at something or in a different way. Somerville and Keeling tell us that reflection is the study of our thoughts, actions and focusing on our interaction and environments with the intention of fully seeing ourselves (Nursing Times, 2004). Bulman Schutz (2008) talk of reflection as being a tool to review experience, so that it may be â€Å"described, analysed [and] evaluated† then used to influence future practice. Sully Dallas (2010) state that reflection is essential in the nurse’s development into sound and responsive professionals and they cite Benner (2001) who stated that nursing cannot expand or fully develop without the practice of reflection. According to Johns and Freshwater (2005), reflection is a skill that is used on a regular basis and in all sorts of situations, such as important events in our lives. There are various reflective cycles available to help with the reflective practice and Johns’ cycle discusses the relationship between practitioners and supervisors and makes reflection a joint exercise, looking at the actions and consequences, the feelings behind it, the personal ethics involved and the knowledge gained (Johns, 1995). Alternatively, Gibbs’ cycle takes a slightly different approach and is cyclic in nature, it takes a similar reflective outline but moves on to conclusions and then action plans to guide future practice (Oxford Brookes University, 2011). There are other cycles available including Driscoll’s â€Å"What? So What? Now What? † reflective model which can help in more general reflective situations (University of Nottingham, 2012). However, I will write this essay using a reflective style instead of referring to reflective cycles. I intend to use this exercise to inform and prepare me for my future career and to explore a subject that has had some bearing on my life and will be increasingly more important as I continue down this career path. Confidentiality is an important aspect of healthcare including the entire spectrum of healthcare workers and settings. It is enshrined in the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Geneva (WMA, 2012) and the Hippocratic Oath (National Library of Medicine, 2012) as being a central part to our role as healthcare professionals since before healthcare became so structured. The reasons for keeping a confidence in the healthcare setting are summarised by Lockwood in that the information belongs to the patient who is giving it to the doctor and therefore the doctor has a responsibility to not misuse such information (2005). Lockwood also talks of the trust between a doctor and patient which would certainly break down should confidentiality be breached. Thompson, Melia Boyd (2000) tell me that the information a patient gives about themselves not only gives the healthcare professional power to help them but also gives them power over them. In this case, it is vital that healthcare professionals use information that is given to them wisely and with the utmost care. Seeing information about a healthcare user in such terms makes me realise that some information is not necessarily in the public domain and therefore I have a privilege and responsibility to not only care for the patient but also for the knowledge about them that I am privy to. I realise that, although I have a duty to retain confidentiality, I may be placed in a position where the confidence has to also include other healthcare professionals and I need to involve the patient in such a situation (ibid). It is also just as important to keep a confidentiality because of data protection legislation which enforces the rights of the individual to have their personal information prot ected (Legislation. gov. uk, 1998). So legally, healthcare professionals have a duty to protect the healthcare user’s personal information, at least to the  legal minimum, or face proceedings. On top of this though, there is a further responsibility placed on the healthcare professional to respect the right of the user to their private life and beliefs. This is outlined by the NMC’s Code (2012) which reiterates the Data Protection Act, 1998 and further clarifies the lengths that healthcare professionals should go to ensure the healthcare user’s confidentiality and privacy is protected. In my previous experience in education, guidelines to teacher-pupil relations involved not just teachers but all professionals in contact with pupils. From this I would understand that when an article states doctor-patient relations it would include all healthcare professionals’ not just doctors. I agree with Cornock in that a patient gives information to healthcare professionals in the hope that it can be used to assist in treatment (2009). If this confidentiality is breached, the patient may not feel comfortable to reveal all information for fear of it becoming more generally known. I personally believe that this can lead to less effective healthcare treatment and even a fear of receiving any treatment at all in cases of injury or disease that may be more of a societal taboo. The NMC Code (2008) states that healthcare professionals must â€Å"respect the patient’s right to confidentiality† and to discuss with the patient when any of their personal information will be passed to another member of the team; this is a much more formal and professional approach to dealing with information than I have experienced in the past and the onus is on me to ensure that I make the healthcare user fully aware of the ways in which their information will be utilised. This involves an aspect of communication in gaining a user’s trust and giving them the environment in which they feel they can be listened to and that their opinion will be valued. By doing this I am building a trust and confidence relationship with the patient. Once I have gained the trust of the patient and now have this information which can be used to better their quality of life, I need to be aware of the strategies in place to protect this information from the public domain. The NMC Code sets out guidelines for the nurse to ensure that information is protected. It requires the nurse to not discuss any information about the patient outside of the clinical setting, to not discuss patient’s cases in public places where it can be overheard and to not leave records unattended where they could be read by unauthorised people (ibid). These also encompass the use of internet social networking sites among others; I think that a â€Å"public place† also includes an area of the internet which can be read by people not connected with the healthcare setting. These three principles will help to ensure that any information the nurse gathers will not inadvertently travel to sources outside of the care of the patient. The Caldecott Report was a report carried out by the Department of Health about the use of patient information in the NHS with regards to confidentiality, especially in light of the increasing use of information technology. The report identified strategies that should be in place in healthcare settings to protect information (DoH, 1997). These included using the NHS number as an identifier instead of the patient’s name, using the least amount of identifiable information, educating healthcare professionals on the responsibility of holding such information, etc. A lot of the recommendations in the report are about ensuring the patient’s identification is kept separate from the details about their healthcare or keeping identifiable information to a minimum in case of inadvertent transfer. The protection of the patient’s privacy is paramount and the report sets out to help healthcare professionals ensure they maintain this privacy. Healthcare professionals have a duty to record data relevant to the patient for various reasons such as justifying decisions made, helping keep continuity of care consistent, to document delivery of care, etc. These records however need to be handled with exceptional care to ensure that they are not a source of leaking information. For this reason the NMC have strict guidelines as to how the records should be made and kept. The records need to be legible and signed and dated and held in accordance with the NMC guidelines and individual Trust’s instructions (NMC, 2009). There are areas though that confidentiality is considered a lot more important due to the nature of the health problems. My mother worked in sexual health for years and she emphasised the necessity of complete confidentiality in that area due to the â€Å"unseen† aspect of the health problems. It fascinated me as to how serious the implications of breaching a confidentiality could be in these situations, especially with public perceptions of certain sexually transmitted infections. A study done by Richard Ma on sexual health clinic users found that confidentiality within the sexual health clinics was the single most important quality to the user (Ma, 2007). He claims that this is  a consistent finding in previous studies done on sexual health and goes to support the idea that sexual health is an area that requires more attention to confidentiality between users and practitioners. The Department of Health have issued documents with regards to confidentiality and have specifically singled out sexually transmitted infections as needing to be treated with even more care with regards to the identity of the patient (DoH, 2006). There are cases however, when confidentiality needs to be breached, even in the case of sexual health. From my own experience and background in education and youth work, I understand the need to divulge information especially with regards to child abuse. It is the primary reason that confidentiality was not assured with the young people I worked with. From the NMC’s Code, I learn that it is similar within nursing practice. There is a clause under the confidentiality section which instructs nurses and midwives to disclose information when someone may be at the risk of harm, as long as it is in agreement with the law of the land (2008, op cit). Although this instruction can be applied more broadly than I previously used it, as it would include all adults, not just young people. Even broader than the scenario of child abuse however, is the issue of illness affecting judgement and therefore putting people at risk, such as the case of politician Mo Mowlam. Castledine talks about how Mowlam’s brain tumour affected her judgement and personality and how the doctor’s hand were tied as Mowlam refused to divulge that she had such a life threatening and personality changing illness when she entered into the Good Friday peace talks with Northern Ireland (Castledine, 2010). The issue Castledine raises is that thousands of lives could have been at risk if the Good Friday peace talks were not successful and it would not have been sensible to allow someone to be involved who could potentially harm those talks. In this case, the doctor did not divulge but I wonder, as a healthcare professional, how easy it would be to interpret the NMC rules and how thin the line between breaking the code, and therefore the law, and supporting it would be. From reading up on the subject, the boundaries do not seem to be clear and Betty Lynch confirms this in her guidelines to breaching confidentiality (Lynch, 2006). She states that it is not always easy to know when to breach confidentiality and so she directs the reader to five questions that would aid in whether breaching the confidentiality would also be breaking the law. These questions include whether to gain consent, the reasons behind disclosing, what is to be disclosed, who will be receiving the information and are they duty bound to keep it confidential, and finally whether disclosing the confidential information is a proportionate response to protect the patient or others. Lynch is dealing mainly with the sharing of information between agencies, but the guidelines can be used in dealing with situations as a healthcare professional to ensure that when confidentiality is breached, it is being breached legally and in line with the NMC Code. In some situations however, the consent of the patient cannot be given. Such cases are usually to do with a consideration of public safety and taking into account the broader ramifications of the information and whether it concerns more than just the patient (2012, op cit). There are also laws dictating what has to be disclosed and it is usually with regards to the Road Traffic Act, terrorism and public health issues. As a healthcare professional, I have no choice whether I disclose a confidentiality related to such issues but there are some cases where it is not so clear. Take the controversy caused by Margaret Haywood, the nurse who tried to report failing standards through the proper channels and in the end resorted to filming the practices of fellow healthcare professionals in a care home. The NMC struck her off the register for breaching patient confidentiality (Nursing Times, 2009) because they claimed that she had failed to get the consent of the patients that she was filming. However, there was support for Haywood’s actions as it highlighted the substandard care of the elderly. Higginson (2009) writes that exposing the mistreatment of the elderly is more important than being confidential. It is support like this and others that has helped to reinstate Haywood into nursing. However it does concern me that should I be working in a place where patients were being harmed or neglected I would be unable to help because of the fear of breaching confidentiality and the backlash against me. Confidentiality is a delicate subject and seems incredibly difficult to manoeuvre around to ensure that, as a healthcare professional, I do not unnecessarily breach a confidence and yet, I also divulge the correct information to the correct people. However, I can fully understand the need of the laws and NMC to insist upon almost absolute confidence. Reading about the case of â€Å"Janet†, the nurse who divulged information about a patient A in an unsatisfactory manner to the family and made unfounded remarks to A’s friends about her condition, I realise how damaging and hurtful breaching a confidence is and could have contributed to the rapid decline of the patient’s health (British Journal of Nursing, 2005). This just emphasises once again, how much power I hold over a healthcare user and how much responsibility comes with that. Moving from an education background into a healthcare future is revealing some similarities and a lot of differences as to how things are done. The issue of confidentiality piqued my interest as it seemed so different in the two settings and yet, I had expected it to be a lot more similar. I think that I laboured under the false assumption that confidentiality was only assured between doctor and patient and in sensitive subjects such as sexual health. I did not expect that confidentiality would be so important for the nurse or healthcare assistant in dealing with simple and routine procedures. I have discovered that confidentiality is of the utmost importance throughout healthcare and is given the strictest guidelines in various healthcare codes of conduct. I have learnt that there are stringent practices to ensure that confidentiality is not breached and that data is completely protected. Looking into the various laws and acts regarding protection of privacy reaffirms its value and importance with healthcare users as well as healthcare authorities. I have never worked in a healthcare setting and so learning the strategies that protect patient confidentiality is an important learning curve for me. I need to ensure that I hold the NMC guidelines foremost in my mind as I work with healthcare users and make certain that I adhere to the rules set out by the hospitals or care homes I am working in. When I first started working in education I had to make a point of familiarising myself with procedures and rules within my place of work and I need to take this forward and continue the same practice in the placements and work places I will find myself in. This means talking to the supervisor or manager with regards to their policies on confidentiality and following those rules alongside the NMC’s Code rules. I also must ensure that I learn to judge when confidentialities must be breached and remember to include the patient as much as possible with the decisions I make regarding this. I intend to look further into this subject and make it one of my highest priorities to get this part of my studies and future work as a nurse right so as to keep faith with healthcare users and provide them with the best healthcare experience I possibly can.

Josh McDowell asks many questions in the book. What makes

Josh McDowell asks many questions in the book. What makes Josh McDowell asks many questions in the book. What makes Jesus so unique and different? What are some of the claims that Jesus makes these? How can one prove these claims? Is the Bible record accurate and correct? Why were so many willing to give up their lives to support what Jesus said? Why did Jesus have to die? What was the testimony of the apostle Paul about Jesus? What happened at the resurrection? Who was the historical Jesus? Is there only one way to God? Does Jesus change anything? Josh McDowell makes a strong argument for the historical Jesus.Josh McDowell states that Peter, Stephen, and Thomas all claim that Jesus is God. Mark and the other gospel writers claimed that he can forgive sin and that Jesus is the Christ. There is no evidence that he is a liar, he was willing to die for what he believed.American hard rock band members Josh McDowell (lef...

Introduction to international relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to international relations - Essay Example Sometimes it is considered as a whirlwind that brings disruptive and relentless changes that result in some unique social, economic, environmental and cultural problems that make the governments helpless (Brittan, 1998, pp 1-2). Sovereignty, on the other hand is a very important concept which is also not an easy one to describe. Sovereignty, in simple words can be defined as the quality that allows one to have independent and supreme authority over a particular geographic region. Globalisation is one of such powers that have challenged the concept of state sovereignty. The principle objective of this paper is to identify and analyse the effect of globalisation on the state sovereignty. The question, ‘has globalization undermined the concept of state sovereignty?’ will be tried to be properly answered in this paper. In the process of doing so it is crucial to have a clear idea about both ‘globalisation’ and ‘sovereignty’. This paper is attempted to give a brief but clear understanding regarding both the concept and then it tries to analyse the fact whether globalisation has weakened the concept of state sovereignty. Globalisation Globalisation is perhaps the most popular terms in the recent time. ... There are experts who believe that the term ‘globalisation’ may be a new one but the main concept and context are not. For instance, the economic integration among various economies of the world has been going on over the past fifty years. Organisations like GATT and WTO are actually the results of such integration (Gangopadhyay, Chatterji, 2005, pp 57-58). During the period of 1960-70 one of the most widely discussed subjects was the growth of different multinational corporations in terms of change in their operational mode i.e. from domestic to international. In simple words it can be said that globalisation is nothing but a new name which is given to the most recent sequence of internationalisation. According to David Colander, the most significant incident that has led to arise of the concept of globalisation is the breakdown of Soviet Union. This breakdown created a situation where intergovernmental relations started to focus on the economic aspects rather than on t he political aspects (Gangopadhyay, Chatterji, 2005, pp 57-58). Business organisations also started to take people from other countries into consideration as their potential customers. Governments also began to understand the importance of investments from foreign organisations to their economies and started to withdraw various restrictions regarding trade. With the gradual removal of different barriers entire globe started to emerge as a single market for the business organisations and as a result of this, ‘internationalisation’ started to turn into ‘globalisation’. Almost all the economies in the world are greatly impacted by the globalisation. Areas like investment, production and employment

Embodying the Characteristics of Great Leaders Essay

Embodying the Characteristics of Great Leaders - Essay Example From Robert’s perspective on leadership, a leader should make serving a mandatory requirement to ensure that other people’s needs and priorities are adequately met. Spears and Lawrence (2004) shed light into understanding the concept and philosophy of servant leadership. Spear’s essay centers on the development of the philosophy of servant leadership and the characteristics that a servant leader is required to possess. They include listening. A servant leader listens to what others have to say. A servant leader should have empathy and healing (Spears and Lawrence, 2004). A servant leader should be one who is in touch with the feelings and needs of the ones he comes into contact. In addition, a servant leader should be persuasive and aware of the prevailing situations around. Conceptualization and foresight are indispensable to any servant leader (Spears and Lawrence, 2004). Lastly, a servant leader should be committed to the growth of other people and building the community. A servant leader should be a steward of others. It is evident that servant leadership is a concept of humility that shy away from the ego. In addition to having all the above characteristics, Kouzes and Pozner (2007) advise that leadership and challenges go hand in hand. The leadership challenge entails how a leader can integrate various individuals with varying egos and beliefs to work and deliver results for an institution. Leadership entails how a leader can influence a climate that enables people to change challenging situations into a remarkable success. The closest I come to see the philosophy of servant leadership in action is in the South African iconic leader, Nelson Mandela. I like Mandela due to the remarkable leadership qualities that he possessed (Okoth-Okombo & Community Aid International, 2011). In his fight for apartheid, he was a visionary and had a

Research Project Assignment Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project Assignment - Research Paper Example In most of the lower class of the society, the systems such as schools and the law enforcement are one of the major reasons why the people under such settings cannot prosper in their education and the job opportunities. In the lower class society, most of the families prefer taking their children to lower standard schools, which they can afford paying the tuition. A lower standard school signifies that the education offered is of a lower standard education, this compared to schools that the middleclass people and the upper class people are exposed to. In a high standard society, the institutions that are in most situations availed are such that have qualified teachers who offer quality education at standard levels. On the other hand, in most cases, a low standard learning institution tends to have less qualified teachers who lack the standard quality education. Lack of proper education values is one of the major problems that is faced in a lower class society. Education is fundamental in the aspect that when a person is exposed to good education, he or she has a higher chance to secure a job in the future and earn some money to take care of him or herself. In a lower class society most of the teachers and the school administration are underpaid by their various institutions, for this reason there tend to be laxity in offering proper education. The impact of the lack of the proper education in the society then is that when most of the students finish the school curricula, they lack the qualifications to secure good jobs and ends up working for the underpaying companies as well (Lee). In most lower class schools, the rates at which the teachers are changed in a learning institution is extremely low compared to the schools of the upper class society. The relevance in changing teachers in a institution has been attached to the ability of the students to

The Development Of The Hospitality Industry

The Development Of The Hospitality Industry Historians have traced the development of the hospitality industry through thousands of years and many cultures Viewing the industry through lens of history is helpful because it reveals the strong relationship between the shape of hospitality and the needs and expectations of diffrents societies. Because societies will continue to change in what they want,the hospitality industry will also continue to change . Future leaders within the industry will need to be focused on the ever-changing workforce and the evolving expectations of the travelling customers. 1.Define the term Hospitality Industry and give examples, advantages, and disadvantages of their use in the hospitality industry. If youre one of the people who gets satisfaction from provide service with a warm smile , this industry could be right up your alley in no time. In the hospitality industry , looking good and presenting good is being warm and cheerful and making people feel comfortable plays an important part of the hotel industry.The industry covers a wide various of portfolios in fields ranging from hotel to hotel to tourism and public relations.Hospitality and leisure contain of industry within the food services,recreation,accommodation and entertainment sectors.The ministry tourism has predicted a boom in the hotel sector in the country and those in the city wanting to be a part of this boom can chose courses offered by several institutes and colleges.Therefore, there are private institutes in the city that offers courses that will help many students to become airline cabin staff such as flight crew. Flight crew are require to have a cool head in times and calm passengers down in the emergency si tuations and see to it that they are kept comfortable and safe. Their duities include serving ,selling , preparation of onboard food and beverages.with the advantages of the hotel industry there also comes the disadvantages too. The disadvantages are working later hours at night and be very busy whole day, sometimes you may even skip your lunch , dinner . The disadvantages are also required training and education for a hotel management career , one disadvantages is to enter a career in hotel management is a need to gain some education and experience . Almost all of the hotel chains require a bachelors or masters degree to enter management position. Usually , the specialization in hospitality or hotel management is preferred and always needed. Therefore , motels may only require an associates relevant experience . Formal internships may also can required in some cases.Work environment, Employment Prospects , is another disadvantages in hotel industry , despite having a certain degree , there are also many types disadvantages to the work environment and job duties of a hotel and as a manager in the hotel. It may be difficult to conduct a whole range of activities to maintain a hotels function. This adds pressure from the responsibility of turning a profit. Although hotel managers can create their own schedule , may times maintain a hotel business requires working a very long hour. Usually, managers are on-call. In most some nighttime work hours will be require. Creates problems of adaptability to forgein environment and culture and its also increases the forgiveness of the subsidiary, it may also involve high transfer and salary coasts .hotel industry may lead to high failure rate. May be subject to local government restrictions. hotel industry theres many advantages and disadvantages working in a hotel line is not an easy job to do. It has all the hustle and bustle . but , the advantages in working in the hotel line is you get to see the beautiful atmosphere an d know many different types of people . Some of them maybe proud some of them are very friendly. The disadvantages are the working in the hotel line is a very tiring job also. Despite their operating freedom and generally small scale ,independents confront more difficult financial challenges than chain hotel . They faced the highest failure rate in the recession of the early 1990s . In order to get off the ground , they usually must raise large amounts of capital and show a very early profit ,despite limited advertising ans sales budgets . Independent hoteliers develop all of their own operations systems , so they succeed or fail based on the effectiveness of these systems . These systems are often very expensive and require significant debt service . Charge a commission that can be as high as 10 or 15 percent of the room rate. CONCLUSION : In conclusion , once again if the employee acknowledges the request and at least fulfill it to the customer is usually satisfied. On the other hand employee disinterest or unwillingness to consider resolving the service encounter leaves the customers dissatisfied. Advantages and disadvantages also have their good and bad sides . Both must changes and improve. QUESTION 2 : INTRODUCTION : Government that bring tourism to an economy all levels make an effort to develop and promote tourists destinations . One way governments do this, describe as earlier by providing facilities and capital investment unkeep at government à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Cowned destinations such national parks , monuments , and historical attractions. 2)Find out the factors that affecting travel and tourism. Explain in detail. Many Countries and destination areas seek the advantages that make tourism attractive.A healthy tourism trade benefits countries economically , socioculturally and environmentally . Carefully planning and management can help lessen negative impact. Economic gains and costs when a destination is developed for tourism , the wave of tourists coming in has a tremendous impact on the local and national economy. Therefore , local economy reaps the benefits at other times , it bears the costs ad outsiders take home the gains . Almost all destination require facilities and services nearby to satisfy the needs of visitors .Tourists usually spend money during their stay at a destination . Visitor spending provides income and profit for my businesses , hotel , restaurants , service stations , golf courses , grocery stores and souvenir shops. Business travel to a destination for conventions and meetings directly benefits transportation businesses , hotels and restaurants . Tourism also generates government revenue from direct taxation of tourism businesses and tourists. Local , state and national governments receive revenues from sales taxes , room taxes , alcohol and gasoline taxes , and user fees for parks , tollroads and other. Increase government revenue that may be used to improve the areas infrastructure can elevate the quality of life for local residents. Direct spending is money that goes directly from the traveler into the economy . This money includes payments for hotel rooms , restaurants meals , rental cars , recreation ,entertainment and souvenirs . Indirect spending is more income and further employment . For example : foodservice establishment ideally buy food and beverages from local suppliers . The suppliers make purchases from local farmers . Part of the money also supports employees who work in the hotel , restaurants , and other tourist businesses . The workers in turn pay for housing , buy groceries and so forth. Economic costs tourism also have a nega tive impact. One concern is the opportunity cost , that will be sacrificed by using a resource one way rather than another. For example : a community might have to decide between expanding an airport to bring in more tourists or allowing a manufacturer to locate on a particular piece of real estate . Leakage or money that flows out of the local economy to purchase outside resources . Many of the goods and services that are needed to satisfy tourists desires have to be imported. Thus , not all of the direct and indirect tourists expenditure money will stay in the local economy . Minimizing leakage is developing countries can minimize the loss of tourists income. For example : through trade negotiations they can reduce imports of tourism à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Crelated-materials and support industries instead. Economic benefits of destination development can outweigh possible negative impact. Sociocultural impact the effect of increased hospitality and tourism activities on the ways individual w ith other members of the society may be positive or negative. Changing family lifestyle and cross-cultural may result in either positive or negative influences .Weathers and special events are things that travelers would consider when planning their travel guide.The tourism industry is affected by a various of different kind of factors. Some of these kind of causes certain venue while other people affect tourism as a whole. Even if someone is having on something like travel. For many people , travel is considered a luxury to be done with lots of money when times are good. Prices in gas / fuel always have an effect on the tourism industry First if people are spending more on gas they may never want to take long distance road trip. Airline and bus companies need to pay for gas as well, they may need added cost even when this goes up just a little .Natural disasters can have an influence on specific destinations , furthermore people are hit by a natural disasters then they will not be worried about travelling.Many local residents find their lives changed when they obtain tourism related employment. Young people may enter the job market for the first time when tourism development occurs . On the positive side , this may contribute to increase family income , allowing families to buy products that were previously creased their means. The changed in lifestyle may also lead to demands for better housing and changes in dress and eating habits . When local people adopt practices from tourists , this is known as the demonstration effect . The demonstrations effects can have a negative outcome , though , if local residents come to realize that even with their increase income they cannot afford to live like the tourists . A feeling of envy towards the tourists may affluent visitors may result. Tourism can also help preserve historical sites and culture. A wave of tourists from other cultures may have less disirable consequences . For example : the Pennsylvania amish had l ived quietly for hundred of years until they become a tourists attractions . Tourism businesses built motels , restaurants , and souvenir shops to serve the growing numbers of tourists. Tourism can contribute to the undermining of social standards and to the commercialization of a culture . Some people say that local artistic standards suffer when reproductions of na?ve crafts are mass-produced for tourists consumption. Tourism can cause displacement if local residents find they can no longer live in their community after it has been newly developed as a destination . An increased demand for land for tourists facilities can cause property values to soar . The negative effects of tourism may include discrimination . Hiring and promotion practices of corporations new to an area maybe against employees. A community may discriminate against transplanted corporate employees. When they are not enough local workers to build and manage the tourists businesses , workers may be brought in fro m outside the area or even the country . A sudden wave of large numbers of outside workers may cause resentment in local workers. This may be especially true if the incoming employees occupy managerial positions that can earn high salaries while leaving the low paying menial jobs to local workers . If local workers see a higher standard of living for the newcomers , they may actively against them. On the other side , if the culture and lifestyle of the local residents is very different from that of the newcomers , the newcomers may be uncomfortable in their new situation Furthermore , the impacts of tourism on the local environment can cause harm to sensitive heritage sites , for example , the Lascaux cave in France had to be closed to the public because the tourists breath and body heat were destroying the pictures left on its walls by paleolithic artists . The mere presence of the visitors warmed the air around them , which caused condensation on the cooler cave walls. When the dr oplets fell , they look with them pigments from the 17,000 years old paintings. Conclusion : Hospitality business may be competitive business but its very interesting. The tourism industry is also concern with the events that would draw curiosity to tourist and the area.

Deductive and Inductive Methods of Research Essay

In the quest for logical, supportable and verifiable scientific answers there are two basic methods of reasoning used to approach the subject matter to be studied. These are known as the deductive and the inductive approaches. The two approaches provide quite different lines of attack when attempting to prove or disprove social theories. The information that is gathered is used by social work researchers as supporting evidence to establish connections between theories and empirical data. Rafael Engel and Russell Schutt, The Practice of Research in Social Work, explain â€Å"Theories help us understand how social problems emerge; they guide us in the design of interventions to help individuals, groups or communities†(Rafael. Schutt. 2005. p. 39). In the case of deductive reasoning studies the research is begun from a theoretical basis, focused on a topic, and then narrowed to an; ‘If-Then’ hypotheses that can be tested. Research is conducted to gather data through observations, to confirm or disprove the hypotheses. Inductive reasoning is in a sense a reverse study, as it is through observations made that have initially picked up on certain trends, or established regularities that the hypotheses or theory is developed. In the field of Social work research it is not at all uncommon to utilize both methods of research, and Engel and Schutt refer to this as the â€Å"Research Circle† (2005. p. 45). Research often involves variables, and hypotheses often must stand up to multiple studies to arrive at a conclusive answer. The authors cite the Sherman and Berk’s, 1984, study of domestic violence â€Å"as an example of how the research circle works†(2005. p. 43). They said that first based on data regarding spousal abuse a hypothesis was developed regarding arrest rates. After data was researched that corresponded with the theory, the study was then followed up with inductive research based on the statistics of the data gathered. As noted often the researchers will go around the circle a number of time, as Sherman and Berk’s study did, adjusting variables and methods, to test a multitude of hypotheses. According to Engel and Schutt the â€Å"Inductive research process is more often the strategy used in qualitative methods† (2005. p. 38), and that deductive is â€Å"Most often used in quantitative methods† (2005. p. 38).

Large-scale energy and metallurgy Essay

Industrialisation (or industrialization) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one. It is a part of a wider modernisation process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgy production. It is the extensive organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.[2] Industrialisation also introduces a form of philosophical change where people obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature, and a sociological process of ubiquitous rationalisation. There is considerable literature on the factors facilitating industrial modernisation and enterprise development.[3] Key positive factors identified by researchers have ranged from favourable political-legal environments for industry and commerce, through abundant natural resources of various kinds, to plentiful supplies of relatively low-cost, skilled and adaptable labour. As industrial workers’ incomes rise, markets for consumer goods and services of all kinds tend to expand and provide a further stimulus to industrial investment and economic growth. The first country to industrialise was the United Kingdom during the Industrial Revolution, commencing in the 18th century.[4] By the end of the 20th century, East Asia had become one of the most recently industrialised regions of the world.[5] Contents [hide] 1 Description 2 History of industrialisation 2.1 Industrial revolution in Europe 2.2 Early industrialisation in other countries 2.3 The Third World 2.4 Petrol-producing countries 2.5 Industrialisation in Asia 2.6 Newly industrialised countries 3 Social consequences 3.1 Urbanisation 3.2 Exploitation 3.3 Change to family structure 4 Current situation 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading Description[edit] According to the original sector-classification developed by Jean Fourastià © (1907-1990), an economy consists of: a â€Å"primary sector† of commodity production (farming, livestock breeding, exploitation of mineral resources) a â€Å"secondary sector† of manufacturing and processing (as paid work) a â€Å"tertiary sector† of service industries Historically, the industrialisation process involves the expansion of the secondary sector in an economy originally dominated by primary-sector activities. The first transformation to an industrial economy from an agricultural one, known as the Industrial Revolution, took place from the mid-18th to early 19th century in certain areas in Europe and North America; starting in Great Britain, followed by Belgium, Germany, and France. Later commentators have called this the first industrial revolution.[4][6] The â€Å"Second Industrial Revolution† labels the later changes that came about in the mid-19th century after the refinement of the steam engine, the invention of the internal combustion engine, the harnessing of electricity and the construction of canals, railways and electric-power lines. The invention of the assembly line gave this phase a boost.[7][8][9] The lack of an industrial sector in a country can slow growth in the country’s economy and power, so governments often encourage or enforce industrialisation. On the other hand, the presence of industry in a country does not mean in general that it will bring wealth and prosperity to the people of that country. And third, the presence of an industry in one country can make it more difficult for other countries to develop the same type of industry. This can be seen in the computer software and internet industries. Started from the US around the 1990s these industries seemed to spread over the world. But after a period of monopolisation less than a decade long, the globally-leading companies remain concentrated in the US.[citation needed] Their economic power and capacity to dominate the media work against the developing of the same types of industry in other states. History of industrialisation[edit]

VB.NET LinkLabel Component Tutorial

VB.NET LinkLabel Component Tutorial LinkLabel, new in Visual Basic .NET, is a standard control that lets you embed web-style links in a form. Like a lot of VB.NET controls, this one doesnt do anything that you couldnt do before ... but with more code and more trouble. For example, VB 6 had the Navigate (and Navigate2 when the first one proved inadequate) methods that you could use with a URL text string to call a web page. LinkLabel is much more convenient and trouble free than older techniques. But, in sync with .NET architecture, LinkLabel is designed to be used with other objects to do the whole job. You still need to use a separate command to start an email or browser for example. Example code is included below. The basic idea is to put the email address or web URL into the Text property of a LinkLabel component, then when the label is clicked, the LinkClicked event is triggered. There are well over a hundred methods and objects available for the LinkLabel object including properties to handle everything you might want to do with a link like changing the color, text, position, how it behaves when you click it ... whatever! You can even check mouse buttons and positions and test whether the Alt, Shift, or Ctrl keys are pressed when the link is clicked. A list is shown in the illustration below: Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return An object with a really long name is also passed to this event: LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs. Fortunately, this object is instantiated with the nice short name used for all event arguments, e. The Link object has more methods and properties. The illustration below shows the event code and the Link object. Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return You will normally use the Text property of the Link object to get a URL or email address and then pass this value to System.Diagnostics.Process.Start. To bring up a web page ... System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(http://visualbasic.about.com) To start an email using the default email program ... System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(mailto: visualbasicaboutguide.com) But youre really limited only by your imagination in using the five overloads of the Start method. You could, for example, start the Solitaire game: System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(sol.exe) If you put a file in the string field, then the default processing program for that file type in Windows will kick in and process the file. This statement will display MyPicture.jpg (if its in the root of drive C:). System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(C:MyPicture.jpg) You can use the LinkLabel almost like a button by simply putting any code you like in the LinkClicked event instead of the Start method. The investigation of the hundred or so other possibilities is wa-a-a-y beyond the scope of this article, but here are a few examples to get you started. One new concept used in LinkLabel is the idea that there can be multiple links in a LinkLabel and theyre all stored in a LinkCollection type. The first element, Links(0), in the collection is created automatically although you can control what it is using the LinkArea property of LinkLabel. In the example below, the Text property of LinkLabel1 is set to FirstLink SecondLink ThirdLink but only the first 9 characters are specified as a link. The Links collection has a Count of 1 because this link was added automatically. To add more elements to the Links collection, just use the Add method. The example also shows how ThirdLink can be added as an active part of the link. Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return Its easy to associate different targets with the different parts of the Link Text. Just set the LinkData property. To make FirstLink target the About Visual Basic web page and ThirdLink target the main About.Com web page, simply add this code to the initialization (the first two statements are repeated from the illustration above for clarity): LinkLabel1.LinkArea New LinkArea(0, 9)LinkLabel1.Links.Add(21, 9)LinkLabel1.Links(0).LinkData http://visualbasic.about.comLinkLabel1.Links(1).LinkData about.com You might want to do something like this to customize links for different users. You could use code to make one group of users go to a different target than another group. Microsoft saw the light about hyperlinks with VB.NET and included everything you might want to do with them.

My Mother is My Role Model Essays

My Mother is My Role Model Essays My Mother is My Role Model Essay My Mother is My Role Model Essay Essay Topic: Mother To Mother My Mother is My Role Model BY sann Many people have role models or people they look up to in their life. Whether it be a actress, super hero, sports star, or Just someone you admire they inspire you and the decisions you make. For me, that person is my mom she is very beautiful, successful. Ever since I could remember she has been right beside me supporting any dream or goal I was trying to reach. When I am older I hope I could be there for my kids the way she is for me. The first thing I admire is her beauty. No matter if she is dressed casual or rofessional she always looks clean cut and ready for anything that may come up. She has a beautiful big white smile that can warm up a room. She has very high cheekbones, which many people wish they were born with. Her eyes are a very light brownish green color, Just looking into them you can see all the love she has for others. My mom is pretty tall I would say, but not to tall. I am very lucky to of inherited my moms genes. Now my mom isnt all looks, she also has brains. She got her undergraduate at Cal State Long Beach, and went on to getting her Masters degree at Arizona State University in teaching. She has been teaching at Rhodes Junior High for almost 10 years as a seventh grade science teacher. To this day she still loves every minute of it. She is a very hard worker and makes sure that every lesson she teaches keeps the students interested and learning. She goes over and beyond for her students and does her best to make sure everything is to its full potential before presenting it to her class. I hope that when I am older, in what ever career I choose, I will work Just as hard to be as successful as my mom. Last, but certainly no where near the least, my mom has always been there for me to ake sure every dream or goal I may have is reached. Ever since I can remember my mom has done whatever she could to help me succeed in numerous things. Whether I was struggling in a class, driving me wherever I needed to be, or Just needed someone to be there for support, my mom was always the first one there. In ninth grade I became very sick and fell far behind in school. I almost didnt pass a few classes due to absences, but my mom worked with me, stayed up late to help me, and talked to my teachers asking for extensions so I could get caught up and move on o the tenth grade with no worries of the past. Many parents I know would Just leave it up to their kids and if they didnt pass they didnt pass. Not my mom Im fortunate enough to have a thoughtful enough mom to push me and help me through the hard times. Also, I have been dancing since the age of two, and competing in competitions since I was five. A big part of dance life is traveling, for the most part, pretty far. With my dad always gone on business trips I depended on my mom to get me to the places I needed to be. No matter what she was doing, she made sure I was there and n time with all my costumes, make up, and dance shoes ready to perform. I know that if it wasnt for her going through such great lengths for me I would never been aDle to experience everytnlng I nave so Tar. Everyone has that one person they look up to as a role model; to me there is none other than my mom. She has beauty, brains, and one of the biggest hearts I know. Without her in my life I have no idea where I would be. Someday, when I am married and have children of my own, I hope I can be Just as great ofa mom to them as my mom has been for me.

The nature of evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The nature of evil - Essay Example Both Isadora and my creditors, I should add, who entered into a conspiracy, a trap, a scheme so cunning that my only choices were prison or marriage, which for a man of my temperament, worse than imprisonment—especially if you knew Isadora.†(1) One evil influence leads to the other. Evil sets off a chain-reaction. Rutherford Calhoun candidly admits, â€Å"But arriving in the city, checking the saloons and Negro bars, I found nothing. So I stole—it came as second nature to me.†(2-3) It goes to substantiate that no one is born with evil tendencies. One inherits them due to the circumstances one is compelled to encounter. When a man or woman is neglected and when obstructions are created by the society in the efforts for reformation and rehabilitation, one turns cynical. Helping one to build a new identity is an arduous process that has both economic and spiritual perspectives. Reeling out moral lessons and spiritual revelations will not help an individual fro m the downward march to destruction. Calhoun is exposed to religious disciplines. He admits, â€Å"My Master, Reverend Peleg Chandler†¦..he endlessly preached Old Testament virtues to me†¦.the evils of nominalism†¦.†(3) But the desired change in the personality of Calhoun is not forthcoming as the impact of the evil influences is strong and nobility fails to beat it. Both nobility (good) and evil forces are inherent in a man; they are the pairs of opposites and to strike the proper balance is the issue related to life. No one is permanently good or permanently bad. The process of becoming, to a great extent, depends on how one is raised and later on lives life. The childhood creates the structure for the adulthood and for the entire course of life. In case of Calhoun, the childhood is bad and he has to undergo bitter experiences of deceit from all ends and at that stage of life he has no one to hold on. So, hatred for the society is welling up from deep within and he has no choices to challenge them. Hatred is ugly and dark and it goes hand in hand with all sorts of evil. Bitter experiences in life one after another, go to solidify the state of evil in the heart of Calhoun. But no one is inherently evil. Evil is just the coating, and often the coating is thick. On a number of occasions, evil deeds are a mechanism of self-defense. When faced with danger, human beings mostly exhibit a â€Å"fight or flight,† response. Try to escape or defend aggressively. Calhoun precisely does the same. The ship in which he is employed according to Calhoun is â€Å"a process of life.†(36) The ship is the metaphor for the various stages and experiences of life. He faces the twin dangers, one from the woman and the other from his creditors, for which he has no immediate solutions, he avails the option of escape from the evil forces that are pursuing him. Unquestionably the slavery in the 19th century American society was an evil practice of the worst order and it owed responsibility for the creation of a combustible generation of blacks. Its impact has not been eradicated even with the present generation. The author does not think that evil is inherent in man, woman or evil originates in greed, misunderstanding/competition in segregation. Evil is integrated and it sets off a chain reaction through all these segments of society/factors. They are all interrelated and no factor

The endangered anmial-Mouse Lemur and White-flag Dolphin Essay

The endangered anmial-Mouse Lemur and White-flag Dolphin - Essay Example Conservation programs are being developed carried out to ensure the continued existence of these fascinating animals. This essay presents a comprehensive description and current circumstances of these two endangered animals. Introduction Extinction naturally happens. In fact, a huge number of species has already died out. With regards to this, several individuals and groups have explained the worsening global scarcity of species by declaring that because extinction naturally occurs, the extinction of recent species is merely an extension of a natural occurrence. The 1973 Endangered Species Act (ESA) was the first official, federal attempt to recognize that every species serves a distinctive, special function in the environment and that people, especially governments, should keep from disturbing the balance of nature or the ecosystem (Liebesman & Petersen, 2003, 89). The double responsibility for stable and organized management of the ESA is assigned to the Fish and Wildlife Service ( FWS) for land and several marine species and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for marine life forms. The Act’s original goal was â€Å"to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered species and threatened species depend may be conserved† (Liebesman & Petersen, 2003, 89). ... From the point of view of ecology, a more effective method is to focus on protecting self-sufficient environment of these species, and allowing nature do its part (Liebesman & Petersen, 2003, 89-90). The FWS is tasked to list, delist, and reclassify protected species. When it is suggested to list a species as Endangered or Threatened, the FWS publicizes the suggestion in the U.S. government’s publication—the Federal Register (Baur & Irvin, 2010, 1). Afterward the FWS makes a decision whether to endorse, modify, or reject the suggestion. A species can be classified either ‘threatened’ or ‘endangered’, which depends on its condition and the level of threat. By definition, a ‘threatened’ species is â€Å"likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range† (Baur & Irvin, 2010, 34), whereas an ‘endangered’ species is â€Å"in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range† (Baur & Irvin, 2010, 34). A species is listed as endangered or threatened due to any of these reasons (Liebesman & Petersen, 2003, 18-20): (1) the threatened or current disruption or devastation, alteration, shortening of its range, or weakening of its habitat; (2) overexploitation for scientific, business-related, or recreational purposes; (3) the incompetence of current regulatory measures; (4) disease; and (5) other human-made or natural phenomena affecting its ability to survive. Once a species is listed, protective measures begin. Such measures involve protection from damaging impact of government programs or operations; limitations on the capturing and selling of species; and execution of recovery plans. These attempts strengthen the survival