The Civil War, Gallagher And Manning s Arguments On...

Despite the differences in the primary reasons for Northerners in the war, Gallagher and Manning’s arguments align on certain aspects of slavery: both argue that in order for the Union to successfully win the war, slavery needed to be abolished. Gallagher argues that many northerners realized that in order to end the war and to rid nation of conflict and threat to the Union, slavery would need to be abolished. He argues, â€Å"Without slavery and the various issues related to its expansion, most white northerners could envision no serious internal threat to their beloved union.† Similarly, Manning also argues that there was a threat to the union because of slavery, whether Northerners liked it or not: â€Å"In 1861, a large and growing number of ordinary soldiers believed that a war endangering the Union had come about because of slavery. White Southerners’ willingness to destroy the Union over slavery made the war about slavery whether an individual Union sold ier wanted it that way or not.† Therefore, Manning’s argument states that there is a need for the end of slavery in order to preserve the Union. Both historians however, differ in that Gallagher argues the abolition of slavery is the not the primary reason for the war as Manning argues, rather it was the preservation of the Union that was the main reason. Gallagher argues however, that slavery was a useful tool in which to end the war and preserve the Union, but it was not the sole reason. He argues, â€Å"Many of the soldiersShow MoreRelatedThe American Civil War : The United States8725 Words   |  35 PagesThe American Civil War, known in the United States as simply the Civil War as well as by other sectional names, was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. Of the 34 states that existed in January 1861, seven Southern slave states individually declared their secession from the United State s and went on to form the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often simply called the South, grew to include eleven states, although

Time For Me Regain Trust And Restore Friendship

time for me to regain trust and restore our relationship.† The evidence of genuine forgiveness is personal freedom from a vindictive or vengeful response (Romans 12:17 – 21), but not always an automatic restoration of relationship. Even when God forgives our sins, he does not promise to remove all consequences created by our actions. Being forgiven, restored and trusted ins an amazing experience, but it is important for those who hurt others that their attitude and actions will affect the process of rebuilding trust. Words alone are often not enough to restore trust. When someone has been significantly hurt and feels hesitant about restoration with her offender, it is both right and wise to look for changes in the offender before allowing reconciliation to begin. Can you forgive someone without their apologizing? The evidence is clear that if people apologize, it is easier to forgive. Forgiveness, though, is not limited by that. You can forgive even if the person utters no conciliatory words and suffers no apparent consequence, because forgiveness is always for you (Baker, 2008). You forgive by remembering what is was that happened and you commit yourself to it never happening again. However, you can remember and say, â€Å"I am not going to suffer anymore. Instead, I am going to bring some goodness to the people in my life. It is an active quality. It has nothing to do with forgetting. Forgiveness is about healing. There is a distinction between justice,Show MoreRelatedEssay On Persuasive Speech About Marijuana799 Words   |  4 Pagesfriend’s mouth slapped me across the face, I can almost feel the sting now as I recall the experience to you. As her words sunk in I started to wonder if our friendship could survive such a betrayal of trust. Forgive or not, this is the dilemma I found myself in as I listened to my best friend confess that she did something we both promised each other we would never do. She and I met at a fish fry our parents were co-hosting when I was five years old, neither of us knew at that time we would one dayRead MoreLoss: A Stage of Writing a Research Paper1503 Words   |  7 Pagesdo with writing a research paper. It starts with a loss of words when nobody knows what word to pick. Then there is a loss of money because you’ve had to fuel your car up to go to the Auburn Library and make tons of copies of your research. By the time the thesis is due, a loss of words comes back with a disappearing reason why the word is important. With the etymology most students are completely lost because, despite being given a crash course on how to read the Oxford English Dictionary, theyRead MoreJoe Willis: Feeling the Heat in Thailand Case Study2019 Words   |  9 PagesJOE WILLIS: FEELING THE HEAT IN THAILAND JOE WILLIS: FEELING THE HEAT IN THAILAND Joe Willis and his team are faced with a massive mess that they must clean up and restore order back to the entity. Throughout the story Joe is read as the protagonist, but to the workers he aims to empower and improve to increase performance/productivity he is seen as the antagonist and only there because he is on a ‘witch hunt’. The fear instilled because of word of mouth that he is from ‘internal audit’ makesRead MoreA Law Enforcement Officer For The Past 19 Years6925 Words   |  28 PagesLiterature Review of Trust As a law enforcement officer for the past 19 years I want to focus on the public’s trust in my profession. I know that law enforcement administrators are always looking for ways to enhance their departments image to the communities they serve. This is a tough task because there are many factors that go into the public’s perception of law enforcement. Community trust is an extremely important relationship between the agency and its citizens. It is the key to effectiveRead MoreThe Public s Trust Act Of Law Enforcement6406 Words   |  26 PagesLiterature Review of Trust I want to focus on the public’s trust in the profession of law enforcement. Law enforcement administrators are always looking for ways to enhance their departments image to the communities they serve. This is a tough task because there are many factors that go into the public’s perception of law enforcement. While a local agency may have a good relationship with its community an incident may happen across the country with the police misconduct and the local agenciesRead MoreReaction and Analysis on Film and Stage Version of Rent5058 Words   |  21 Pagesaccept what they teach in the group, but I try to open up to what I dont know, because reason says I should have died 3 years ago Forward to a night club, with Mimi performing a song and dance routine, singing of her desire to go out and have a good time before her life ends (Out Tonight). She barges into Rogers apartment, where he gets angry at her The next day, Mark asks Roger if he wants to go to the Support group meeting with him, but Roger declines. At the meeting, the people began to questionRead MoreI Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Maya Angelou6502 Words   |  27 Pages1–5 The lines from the poem Maya cannot finish, â€Å"What are you looking at me for? I didn’t come to stay . . .† capture two of the most significant issues she struggles with in her childhood and young adulthood: feeling ugly and awkward and never feeling attached to one place. First, Maya imagines that though people judge her unfairly by her awkward looks, they will be surprised one day when her true self emerges. At the time, she hopes that she will emerge as if in a fairy-tale as a beautiful, blondRead Moresecond sex Essay13771 Words   |  56 PagesPart I Part II Part III FACTS AND MYTHS DESTINY HISTORY MYTHS BOOK TWO: Part IV Part V Part VI Part VI WOMANS LIFE TODAY THE FORMATIVE YEARS SITUATION JUSTIFICATIONS TOWARD LIBERATION CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION FOR A LONG TIME I have hesitated to write a book on woman. The subject is irritating especially to women; and it is not new. Enough ink has been spilled in the quarreling over feminism, now practically over, and perhaps we should say no more about it. It is stillRead MoreTracing Theoretical Approaches to Crime and Social Control: from Functionalism to Postmodernism16559 Words   |  67 PagesAneta, Randall, and Ryan Prime for their perpetual support and encouragement and for offering to me, on many occasions, their commodious and peaceful family home. 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Communication Quality in Business Negotiations †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Communication Quality in Business Negotiations. Answer: Introduction: With regard to the negotiation the sale of the property, my preferred thinking style would be hierarchical as can be observed from the inventory response above, personal assessment indicated that I have a average score of 8. Thus the hierarchical thinking style was most preferred as the sole negotiator since during negotiations it was important to engage the clients in different stages of thinking. The thinking style chosen fit the situation since it enabled the sales person to engage the client through a problem solving process that would ensure the property was sold at an additional 10%. This is also because the type of thinking style was vital in the current work environment and would allow the sales person to express their concerns and negotiate a good settlement for the purchase. In addition, it ensured that all the concerns of the purchaser were also tabled in and orderly manner(Cheng, et al., 2017). With the hierarchical thinking style, the sales persons is also able to take c ommand on how negotiations are going and the two purchaser only have one role to play which is to listen to the sales person and react to his sentiments. However, the final agreement is usually made on the basis of the sales person. The thinking level that has been employed as a negotiator was an internal one. This is because by doing so, I was able to ensure that my strategies as a negotiator are not laid out to the purchasers to read my intentions of increasing the price of the property by 10%. The internal thinking level enables one to have the high drive of producing results and being able to win. As an internal thinking level, ideas that come in the mind are the ones that are sold to the purchasers so that one can make a decision of owning the property while the other may stop the interest, depending on the negotiation level that the company is looking for. Internal levels are good as they convince a client of the guarantee that the company will treat them as their own. Here in the end good contracts will be produced and also there will be a scalable sales process(Peleckis, 2014). The relationship with the purchaser also increased since both are able to keep track and maintain the interpersonal relationship during negotiations. Other ways that one can use to improve the negotiation process is to ensure that most of the discussions made during the negotiations are initiated by myself. In this manner, I can be able to allow for the purchasers to express their feelings about what I put on the table on behalf of the company. this will also ensure that purchasers do not move away from the main issue and that they concentrate on the agenda I set(Schoop, et al., 2010). Clients BATNA and negotiation value The clients BATNA during the negotiation exercise looked at the finances in offer. In regard to the case in question, the reservation prices for the parties showed that the negotiations where more positive with regard to the bargaining zone(Cheng, et al., 2017). This means that there was still more room for the two parties to both agree during the negotiations. In this negotiation the purchaser wanted to get the property for at least $43 million, however my client was willing to sell the property at $47 million to $49 million. This shows that there was a positive room for the two side to reach an agreement. With regard to the sale of the commercial asset. It can be said that the company was still not in agreement with the proposed purchase price by the purchaser. And even though there seemed to be a positive bargaining zone when it come to the prices suggested by the two, there was still a negative bargaining zone. This proved a bit difficult to enable the clients reach an agreement in the negotiation exercise for selling the commercial asset. In this manner, if it continues, it would be better off that the company decides to hold on to the commercial asset until a good deal is reached(Schoop, et al., 2010). It will also be important that the company itself, works on an alternative price so that they can be able to meet the desires of the purchaser as well as theirs. This is due to the different interests that were expressed by the two parties. In this manner, there company expressed a negative bargaining zone, however, during negotiation, the Zopa Range stuck between $45 to $47 million. References Cheng, J., Huang, Y. Su, Y., 2017. Relationality in Business Negotiations: Evidence from China. Contemporary Management Research, 12(4), p. 497. Chen, G. Liu, Y., 2012. Gelotophobia and Thinking Styles in Sternberg's Theory. Psychological Reports, 110(1), pp. 25-34. Dygert, C. Parang, E., 2013. Honing Your Negotiation Skills. The Serials Librarian, 64(4), pp. 105-110. Peleckis, K., 2014. International Business Negotiations: Innovation, Negotiation Team, Preparation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , Volume 110, pp. 64-73. Schoop, M., Khne, F. Ostertag, K., 2010. Communication Quality in Business Negotiations. Group Decision and Negotiation, 19(2), pp. 193-209.

The Better Morality Kant and Aristotle on Happiness free essay sample

Because Kant and Aristotle hold practically equal definitions of happiness, the difference must arise from the respective relationships between happiness and each author’s framework of morality. Because Kant offers a more universally accessible route to morality, whose end is the happiness of others, the world as a whole would be both happier and more virtuous if it operated under his philosophy. It is clear that Aristotle thinks happiness is what every human desires. He defines happiness as the highest good (Ethics 1095a), which by definition every person pursues as an ultimate end (1094a). Furthermore, he says that happiness can only be achieved through fulfillment of our characteristic activity, which is the thing that something does which makes it be that thing; for example, the characteristic activity of a flute-player is playing the flute. The good of anything with a characteristic activity is to perform that activity well (1097b). The characteristic activity of a human, says Aristotle, is a life concerned with reason (1098a), or more specifically, the activity of a soul concerned with reason. We will write a custom essay sample on The Better Morality: Kant and Aristotle on Happiness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, the good of a human is to perform this activity well; that is, to live a life in accordance with virtue. Because this is a good of the soul, and goods of the soul are the best type of good (1098b), and because achieving the good of a human is the ultimate goal of being a human, Aristotle says that a life in accordance with virtue can be equated to the chief good, i. e. happiness. It is important to clarify that a life in accordance with virtue is a full life of virtuous activity. For if a person is truly virtuous, she will enjoy doing virtuous things (1099a), and because she enjoys virtuous activity she will continue performing virtuous acts throughout her life (1098a). Thus, Aristotle claims not only that happiness is the most desirable thing to humans, but that the way to achieve happiness is to live a life of virtuous activity—in this sense, morality’s desirability equals that of happiness because morality is the only means to happiness. Kant describes happiness as an end that all rational beings must have according to our very essence (Groundwork 4:415), the inclination to which is the strongest inclination we have (4:399). However, Kant does not consider happiness to be in any way related to morality. Unlike the Categorical Imperative, which abstracts all objects and ends from its legislation and drives the core of Kant’s ethics (4:414), the pursuit of happiness is a hypothetical imperative (4:415)—that is, a person can only pursue objects that he believes will help achieve happiness, rather than pursue happiness itself, because happiness is not a clearly defined object, nor is there a clearly defined set of objects that lead to happiness (4:418). Furthermore, Kant makes explicit that â€Å"making a human happy is something entirely different from making him good† and that attaching happiness as an incentive to morality completely undermines its sublimity (4:442). Hence, like Aristotle, Kant believes all humans have a strong desire for happiness, but Kant argues that happiness should not be associated with morality. Despite how it may seem, Kant and Aristotle define happiness in essentially equal terms. Kant says the â€Å"gifts of fortune† such as power and wealth are features of happiness (4:393), and Aristotle concedes that at least some good fortune is required to be happy (1179a). Furthermore, neither of their definitions depicts a â€Å"universal happiness. † In book 1 of his Ethics, Aristotle describes the ongoing debate about what happiness is: some think it’s wealth while others believe it’s honor. Likewise, Kant says that there is no reliable concept of happiness (4:399) and that we can only infer the objects related to happiness through experience, which is inherently misleading as a source of truth (4:418). Lastly, both philosophers believe that happiness relies on reason. As previously discussed, Aristotle’s conception of the path to happiness depends entirely on our use of reason to conduct virtuous activity. And although Kant says that reason distances us from happiness (4:395), I argue that reason and science have raised our standard of living throughout history. Does he really believe that the cavemen huddling around fires were happier than the healthier, longer-living and more enlightened modern man? Furthermore, reason gives us the tools to pursue wealth and power, whose category he labels as happiness. Lastly, he specifically calls happiness â€Å"Power, riches, honor, even health, and the entire well-being and contentment with one’s condition† (4:393). Self-awareness is a faculty of cognizance, and thus to be â€Å"content with one’s condition† requires some level of reason. Thus, as I have shown, Kant’s and Aristotle’s definitions of happiness are equal: both require fortune, neither is universal, and both require reason. If both philosophers define happiness in equal terms, yet treat it in opposite manners, then the difference must arise in their moral structures themselves. Let us examine the accessibility of happiness according to each philosopher. As previously mentioned, Aristotle believes the only way to happiness is through virtuous activity—thus, the accessibility of virtue should equate the accessibility of happiness. He says that the capacity to acquire virtue derives from our nature, although its actual acquisition comes from habit alone. (1103a) Habit is instilled by teachers and lawmakers, so our acquisition of virtue is highly dependent on the quality of our upbringing and the society in which we are raised. 1103b) Therefore, it seems that, in Aristotle’s perspective, unless we operate under the assumption of a perfect socialist state, virtue, and thus happiness, is limited to the privileged few. At first it appears that Kant offers a similarly bleak view. Not only does he say that happiness can nearly be equated to power and wealth, which is obviously much easier for the privileged to attain, but that most people don’t even know what they actually desire to make them happy (4:418). He also implies that happiness and morality might be mutually exclusive. The most powerful inclination against one’s duty is that towards happiness (4:405), and a moral action is one done from duty despite inclination, rather than from inclination or even in accordance with it (4:397). If morality is to act against one’s own happiness, one might ask: why even bother? At least the moral person in Aristotle’s view is rewarded with happiness. The necessity of morality, Kant says, derives from the relation of rational beings to one another. Importantly, one of the three formulations of his Categorical Imperative is to treat all rational beings as ends, not means (4:429). We all have something called dignity, which is the idea that rational beings have a worth beyond any price (4:434), and so each rational being should be treated as an end more valuable than anything else. Furthermore, because it is one’s will that must legislate the laws of morality, acting in accordance with morality is an act of respecting one’s own will (4:440). Still, it seems that Kant believes everyone should act morally simply because they ought to. That alone is not enough to necessitate morality. Perhaps it would be better to imagine a world in which everyone does follow morality. In Aristotle’s case, as discussed, this is impossible without massive societal upheaval. However, for Kant this world is not just a possibility, but a fulfillment of the Categorical Imperative, which by definition is universally necessary for all rational beings to follow (4:414). In this world, the advancement of other people’s happiness is a universal law such that all people benefit from the widespread benevolence of those around them (4:430). This, I argue, is Kant’s way of offering a path to universal happiness. Although a person’s own morality might typically contradict her pursuit of happiness, the collective good will of everyone else would likely overwhelm each individual’s denial of inclinations. For this reason, Kant’s conception of morality offers a more universal way of achieving happiness. In Kant’s â€Å"ideal world,† everyone is virtuous and at least relatively happy. In Aristotle’s â€Å"ideal world,† on the other hand, many people are both virtuous and moral, but the rest are neither. Because a world in which everyone follows Kant’s philosophy appears more realistic and simply better than a world following Aristotle’s philosophy, Kant’s moral framework is more beneficial for the world as a whole. It is interesting that in both these â€Å"ideal worlds,† there seems to be a causal link between morality and happiness, albeit through different means. The necessitation of morality for Kant, then, is precisely this ideal world—we should be moral not just because we ought to, not just because we should respect ourselves and others, but because if we all act morally then our world would be a better one.

Reflective essay on confidentiality free essay sample

The subject I intend to reflect upon is confidentiality within a professional healthcare setting. Confidentiality formed a part of our professional issues lectures and it piqued my interest due to how differently it is interpreted within healthcare as opposed to education, which is my background. In an educational setting I was taught repeatedly that I could never ensure confidentiality between myself and a child. Comparing that to what I have now learnt in healthcare, this seemed to me almost the opposite way of working as I was used to and so I wish to reflect upon this. I intend to look at why confidentiality is so important within healthcare and how it relates to the Nursing and Midwifery Council’s (NMC) Code. I will look at the strategies in place to protect the privacy of healthcare users, including the areas where confidentiality is even more important. I will also be looking at the various occasions that arise in which a confidentiality can be breached and who should be informed in these cases and finally I hope to look at a case study where confidentiality was breached and use that information to help guide me to make better choices in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective essay on confidentiality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jasper (2011) tells us that reflection is the ability to see ourselves both physically and metaphorically. She also states that reflection can be looking again at something or in a different way. Somerville and Keeling tell us that reflection is the study of our thoughts, actions and focusing on our interaction and environments with the intention of fully seeing ourselves (Nursing Times, 2004). Bulman Schutz (2008) talk of reflection as being a tool to review experience, so that it may be â€Å"described, analysed [and] evaluated† then used to influence future practice. Sully Dallas (2010) state that reflection is essential in the nurse’s development into sound and responsive professionals and they cite Benner (2001) who stated that nursing cannot expand or fully develop without the practice of reflection. According to Johns and Freshwater (2005), reflection is a skill that is used on a regular basis and in all sorts of situations, such as important events in our lives. There are various reflective cycles available to help with the reflective practice and Johns’ cycle discusses the relationship between practitioners and supervisors and makes reflection a joint exercise, looking at the actions and consequences, the feelings behind it, the personal ethics involved and the knowledge gained (Johns, 1995). Alternatively, Gibbs’ cycle takes a slightly different approach and is cyclic in nature, it takes a similar reflective outline but moves on to conclusions and then action plans to guide future practice (Oxford Brookes University, 2011). There are other cycles available including Driscoll’s â€Å"What? So What? Now What? † reflective model which can help in more general reflective situations (University of Nottingham, 2012). However, I will write this essay using a reflective style instead of referring to reflective cycles. I intend to use this exercise to inform and prepare me for my future career and to explore a subject that has had some bearing on my life and will be increasingly more important as I continue down this career path. Confidentiality is an important aspect of healthcare including the entire spectrum of healthcare workers and settings. It is enshrined in the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Geneva (WMA, 2012) and the Hippocratic Oath (National Library of Medicine, 2012) as being a central part to our role as healthcare professionals since before healthcare became so structured. The reasons for keeping a confidence in the healthcare setting are summarised by Lockwood in that the information belongs to the patient who is giving it to the doctor and therefore the doctor has a responsibility to not misuse such information (2005). Lockwood also talks of the trust between a doctor and patient which would certainly break down should confidentiality be breached. Thompson, Melia Boyd (2000) tell me that the information a patient gives about themselves not only gives the healthcare professional power to help them but also gives them power over them. In this case, it is vital that healthcare professionals use information that is given to them wisely and with the utmost care. Seeing information about a healthcare user in such terms makes me realise that some information is not necessarily in the public domain and therefore I have a privilege and responsibility to not only care for the patient but also for the knowledge about them that I am privy to. I realise that, although I have a duty to retain confidentiality, I may be placed in a position where the confidence has to also include other healthcare professionals and I need to involve the patient in such a situation (ibid). It is also just as important to keep a confidentiality because of data protection legislation which enforces the rights of the individual to have their personal information prot ected (Legislation. gov. uk, 1998). So legally, healthcare professionals have a duty to protect the healthcare user’s personal information, at least to the  legal minimum, or face proceedings. On top of this though, there is a further responsibility placed on the healthcare professional to respect the right of the user to their private life and beliefs. This is outlined by the NMC’s Code (2012) which reiterates the Data Protection Act, 1998 and further clarifies the lengths that healthcare professionals should go to ensure the healthcare user’s confidentiality and privacy is protected. In my previous experience in education, guidelines to teacher-pupil relations involved not just teachers but all professionals in contact with pupils. From this I would understand that when an article states doctor-patient relations it would include all healthcare professionals’ not just doctors. I agree with Cornock in that a patient gives information to healthcare professionals in the hope that it can be used to assist in treatment (2009). If this confidentiality is breached, the patient may not feel comfortable to reveal all information for fear of it becoming more generally known. I personally believe that this can lead to less effective healthcare treatment and even a fear of receiving any treatment at all in cases of injury or disease that may be more of a societal taboo. The NMC Code (2008) states that healthcare professionals must â€Å"respect the patient’s right to confidentiality† and to discuss with the patient when any of their personal information will be passed to another member of the team; this is a much more formal and professional approach to dealing with information than I have experienced in the past and the onus is on me to ensure that I make the healthcare user fully aware of the ways in which their information will be utilised. This involves an aspect of communication in gaining a user’s trust and giving them the environment in which they feel they can be listened to and that their opinion will be valued. By doing this I am building a trust and confidence relationship with the patient. Once I have gained the trust of the patient and now have this information which can be used to better their quality of life, I need to be aware of the strategies in place to protect this information from the public domain. The NMC Code sets out guidelines for the nurse to ensure that information is protected. It requires the nurse to not discuss any information about the patient outside of the clinical setting, to not discuss patient’s cases in public places where it can be overheard and to not leave records unattended where they could be read by unauthorised people (ibid). These also encompass the use of internet social networking sites among others; I think that a â€Å"public place† also includes an area of the internet which can be read by people not connected with the healthcare setting. These three principles will help to ensure that any information the nurse gathers will not inadvertently travel to sources outside of the care of the patient. The Caldecott Report was a report carried out by the Department of Health about the use of patient information in the NHS with regards to confidentiality, especially in light of the increasing use of information technology. The report identified strategies that should be in place in healthcare settings to protect information (DoH, 1997). These included using the NHS number as an identifier instead of the patient’s name, using the least amount of identifiable information, educating healthcare professionals on the responsibility of holding such information, etc. A lot of the recommendations in the report are about ensuring the patient’s identification is kept separate from the details about their healthcare or keeping identifiable information to a minimum in case of inadvertent transfer. The protection of the patient’s privacy is paramount and the report sets out to help healthcare professionals ensure they maintain this privacy. Healthcare professionals have a duty to record data relevant to the patient for various reasons such as justifying decisions made, helping keep continuity of care consistent, to document delivery of care, etc. These records however need to be handled with exceptional care to ensure that they are not a source of leaking information. For this reason the NMC have strict guidelines as to how the records should be made and kept. The records need to be legible and signed and dated and held in accordance with the NMC guidelines and individual Trust’s instructions (NMC, 2009). There are areas though that confidentiality is considered a lot more important due to the nature of the health problems. My mother worked in sexual health for years and she emphasised the necessity of complete confidentiality in that area due to the â€Å"unseen† aspect of the health problems. It fascinated me as to how serious the implications of breaching a confidentiality could be in these situations, especially with public perceptions of certain sexually transmitted infections. A study done by Richard Ma on sexual health clinic users found that confidentiality within the sexual health clinics was the single most important quality to the user (Ma, 2007). He claims that this is  a consistent finding in previous studies done on sexual health and goes to support the idea that sexual health is an area that requires more attention to confidentiality between users and practitioners. The Department of Health have issued documents with regards to confidentiality and have specifically singled out sexually transmitted infections as needing to be treated with even more care with regards to the identity of the patient (DoH, 2006). There are cases however, when confidentiality needs to be breached, even in the case of sexual health. From my own experience and background in education and youth work, I understand the need to divulge information especially with regards to child abuse. It is the primary reason that confidentiality was not assured with the young people I worked with. From the NMC’s Code, I learn that it is similar within nursing practice. There is a clause under the confidentiality section which instructs nurses and midwives to disclose information when someone may be at the risk of harm, as long as it is in agreement with the law of the land (2008, op cit). Although this instruction can be applied more broadly than I previously used it, as it would include all adults, not just young people. Even broader than the scenario of child abuse however, is the issue of illness affecting judgement and therefore putting people at risk, such as the case of politician Mo Mowlam. Castledine talks about how Mowlam’s brain tumour affected her judgement and personality and how the doctor’s hand were tied as Mowlam refused to divulge that she had such a life threatening and personality changing illness when she entered into the Good Friday peace talks with Northern Ireland (Castledine, 2010). The issue Castledine raises is that thousands of lives could have been at risk if the Good Friday peace talks were not successful and it would not have been sensible to allow someone to be involved who could potentially harm those talks. In this case, the doctor did not divulge but I wonder, as a healthcare professional, how easy it would be to interpret the NMC rules and how thin the line between breaking the code, and therefore the law, and supporting it would be. From reading up on the subject, the boundaries do not seem to be clear and Betty Lynch confirms this in her guidelines to breaching confidentiality (Lynch, 2006). She states that it is not always easy to know when to breach confidentiality and so she directs the reader to five questions that would aid in whether breaching the confidentiality would also be breaking the law. These questions include whether to gain consent, the reasons behind disclosing, what is to be disclosed, who will be receiving the information and are they duty bound to keep it confidential, and finally whether disclosing the confidential information is a proportionate response to protect the patient or others. Lynch is dealing mainly with the sharing of information between agencies, but the guidelines can be used in dealing with situations as a healthcare professional to ensure that when confidentiality is breached, it is being breached legally and in line with the NMC Code. In some situations however, the consent of the patient cannot be given. Such cases are usually to do with a consideration of public safety and taking into account the broader ramifications of the information and whether it concerns more than just the patient (2012, op cit). There are also laws dictating what has to be disclosed and it is usually with regards to the Road Traffic Act, terrorism and public health issues. As a healthcare professional, I have no choice whether I disclose a confidentiality related to such issues but there are some cases where it is not so clear. Take the controversy caused by Margaret Haywood, the nurse who tried to report failing standards through the proper channels and in the end resorted to filming the practices of fellow healthcare professionals in a care home. The NMC struck her off the register for breaching patient confidentiality (Nursing Times, 2009) because they claimed that she had failed to get the consent of the patients that she was filming. However, there was support for Haywood’s actions as it highlighted the substandard care of the elderly. Higginson (2009) writes that exposing the mistreatment of the elderly is more important than being confidential. It is support like this and others that has helped to reinstate Haywood into nursing. However it does concern me that should I be working in a place where patients were being harmed or neglected I would be unable to help because of the fear of breaching confidentiality and the backlash against me. Confidentiality is a delicate subject and seems incredibly difficult to manoeuvre around to ensure that, as a healthcare professional, I do not unnecessarily breach a confidence and yet, I also divulge the correct information to the correct people. However, I can fully understand the need of the laws and NMC to insist upon almost absolute confidence. Reading about the case of â€Å"Janet†, the nurse who divulged information about a patient A in an unsatisfactory manner to the family and made unfounded remarks to A’s friends about her condition, I realise how damaging and hurtful breaching a confidence is and could have contributed to the rapid decline of the patient’s health (British Journal of Nursing, 2005). This just emphasises once again, how much power I hold over a healthcare user and how much responsibility comes with that. Moving from an education background into a healthcare future is revealing some similarities and a lot of differences as to how things are done. The issue of confidentiality piqued my interest as it seemed so different in the two settings and yet, I had expected it to be a lot more similar. I think that I laboured under the false assumption that confidentiality was only assured between doctor and patient and in sensitive subjects such as sexual health. I did not expect that confidentiality would be so important for the nurse or healthcare assistant in dealing with simple and routine procedures. I have discovered that confidentiality is of the utmost importance throughout healthcare and is given the strictest guidelines in various healthcare codes of conduct. I have learnt that there are stringent practices to ensure that confidentiality is not breached and that data is completely protected. Looking into the various laws and acts regarding protection of privacy reaffirms its value and importance with healthcare users as well as healthcare authorities. I have never worked in a healthcare setting and so learning the strategies that protect patient confidentiality is an important learning curve for me. I need to ensure that I hold the NMC guidelines foremost in my mind as I work with healthcare users and make certain that I adhere to the rules set out by the hospitals or care homes I am working in. When I first started working in education I had to make a point of familiarising myself with procedures and rules within my place of work and I need to take this forward and continue the same practice in the placements and work places I will find myself in. This means talking to the supervisor or manager with regards to their policies on confidentiality and following those rules alongside the NMC’s Code rules. I also must ensure that I learn to judge when confidentialities must be breached and remember to include the patient as much as possible with the decisions I make regarding this. I intend to look further into this subject and make it one of my highest priorities to get this part of my studies and future work as a nurse right so as to keep faith with healthcare users and provide them with the best healthcare experience I possibly can.

Josh McDowell asks many questions in the book. What makes

Josh McDowell asks many questions in the book. What makes Josh McDowell asks many questions in the book. What makes Jesus so unique and different? What are some of the claims that Jesus makes these? How can one prove these claims? Is the Bible record accurate and correct? Why were so many willing to give up their lives to support what Jesus said? Why did Jesus have to die? What was the testimony of the apostle Paul about Jesus? What happened at the resurrection? Who was the historical Jesus? Is there only one way to God? Does Jesus change anything? Josh McDowell makes a strong argument for the historical Jesus.Josh McDowell states that Peter, Stephen, and Thomas all claim that Jesus is God. Mark and the other gospel writers claimed that he can forgive sin and that Jesus is the Christ. There is no evidence that he is a liar, he was willing to die for what he believed.American hard rock band members Josh McDowell (lef...

Introduction to international relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to international relations - Essay Example Sometimes it is considered as a whirlwind that brings disruptive and relentless changes that result in some unique social, economic, environmental and cultural problems that make the governments helpless (Brittan, 1998, pp 1-2). Sovereignty, on the other hand is a very important concept which is also not an easy one to describe. Sovereignty, in simple words can be defined as the quality that allows one to have independent and supreme authority over a particular geographic region. Globalisation is one of such powers that have challenged the concept of state sovereignty. The principle objective of this paper is to identify and analyse the effect of globalisation on the state sovereignty. The question, ‘has globalization undermined the concept of state sovereignty?’ will be tried to be properly answered in this paper. In the process of doing so it is crucial to have a clear idea about both ‘globalisation’ and ‘sovereignty’. This paper is attempted to give a brief but clear understanding regarding both the concept and then it tries to analyse the fact whether globalisation has weakened the concept of state sovereignty. Globalisation Globalisation is perhaps the most popular terms in the recent time. ... There are experts who believe that the term ‘globalisation’ may be a new one but the main concept and context are not. For instance, the economic integration among various economies of the world has been going on over the past fifty years. Organisations like GATT and WTO are actually the results of such integration (Gangopadhyay, Chatterji, 2005, pp 57-58). During the period of 1960-70 one of the most widely discussed subjects was the growth of different multinational corporations in terms of change in their operational mode i.e. from domestic to international. In simple words it can be said that globalisation is nothing but a new name which is given to the most recent sequence of internationalisation. According to David Colander, the most significant incident that has led to arise of the concept of globalisation is the breakdown of Soviet Union. This breakdown created a situation where intergovernmental relations started to focus on the economic aspects rather than on t he political aspects (Gangopadhyay, Chatterji, 2005, pp 57-58). Business organisations also started to take people from other countries into consideration as their potential customers. Governments also began to understand the importance of investments from foreign organisations to their economies and started to withdraw various restrictions regarding trade. With the gradual removal of different barriers entire globe started to emerge as a single market for the business organisations and as a result of this, ‘internationalisation’ started to turn into ‘globalisation’. Almost all the economies in the world are greatly impacted by the globalisation. Areas like investment, production and employment